In May, 2001, Pope John Paul II formally apologized to the Archbishop of the Eastern Orthodox Church for the sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. Use these documents and Broadsheets to study the crusades and their lasting importance in Europe and the Middle East. Discuss the Pope’s apology to demonstrate the continuity of history and current consequences resulting from events that occurred centuries ago. The hands-on exhibits allow you to travel the routes of the Crusades, and learn about the key persons involved. Historian: Adriane Ruggiero. The contents of this Jackdaw feature:

• The Idea of Crusade Takes Hold
• The First and Second Crusades — A Contrast
• Muslim Leaders Take the Offensive and Europe Responds
• Later Crusades

• Pope Urban II Calls Forth the First Crusade.
• A Description of Peter the Hermit.
• A Byzantine Princess Remembers a Crusader.
• Medieval manuscript page: siege of Antioch.
• The Siege of Jerusalem.
• Taxes of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
• Latins in the East.
• A Negative View of the Crusade.
• The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople.
• The Battle of Hittin.
• Routes of the Crusaders.
• Jerusalem at the Time of the Crusades.